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The patella is also attached by the vastus lateralis and medialis , which are muscles in the thigh. From the apex of the patella comes the patellar ligament, which connects to the front of the tibia shin bone.
The middle of the patella consists of openings for arteries to supply blood to the kneecap. Muscles in the thigh, parts of the femur, and a tendon in the knee, referred to as medial patellar retinaculum and that crosses the knee joint in the middle of the patella, all work together to keep the patella stabilized.
The patella sits between the femur and tibia, not only protecting the knee joint but connecting muscles in the front of the femur to the tibia. Under the patella and the at the end of the femur is articular cartilage , which makes it possible for the patella and femur bones to move alongside each other. This cartilage offers protection on top of added mobility with any knee movements. Most of the anatomical variations of the patella have to deal with the shape of the bone itself.
These include:. There are three types of anatomical variations in a healthy patella based on the size and symmetry of the patella itself. The main job of the patella is to help with knee extension and movement, while offering protection for the knee joint.
In the case of knee extension, this movement happens by the patella offering leverage that the quadriceps tendons it's attached to can put on the femur. In terms of protection, the patella gives the front of the knee joint support during activities like exercise or even from daily wear and tear from walking and stepping.
Patella injuries can be relatively common , particularly in those who are extremely active and put a lot of extra stress or pressure on the bone through running, exercising, and competitive sports.
Two of the most common conditions related to the patella are patellar tendonitis and patella dislocations. Those who may be suffering from patellar tendonitis will experience pain in their patella, which will start when doing selected activities and may increase to interfere with daily movements, such as walking and going up and down stairs.
This pain is caused by tiny tears happening in the patellar tendon which causes inflammation and weakening. For a patella dislocation , the patella will slip outside its grooved position inside the leg. This causes pain and swelling, as well as possibly tearing the ligaments that hold the patella in place from popping out of its location. Some people may not have a complete patella dislocation, but they can experience a patellar subluxation.
This occurs when the patella doesn't dislocate from its groove entirely but does have difficulty moving within its groove tracking which causes pain and swelling. For patellar tendonitis, there are a number of ways to treat and rehabilitate the patella. At the shoulder, the humerus connects to the frame of the body via the glenoid fossa of the scapula.
Flat bones : Flat bones are thin and have broad surfaces. The flat bones include the scapula wingbone , the ribs, and the sternum breastbone. They include the bones in the vertebral column, the carpal bones in the hands, tarsal bones in the feet, and the patella kneecap. The four principal types of bones are long, short, flat and irregular. Bones that are longer than they are wide are called long bones.
They consist of a long shaft with two bulky ends or extremities. They are primarily compact bone but may have a large amount of spongy bone at the ends or extremities. Sesamoid bones at the distal end of the first metatarsal bone of the foot. It is derived from the Latin word sesamum "sesame seed" , due to the small size of most sesamoids.
Often, these bones form in response to strain, or can be present as a normal variant. The kneecap is the largest sesamoid bone in the body. There are five types of bones in the skeleton: flat, long, short, irregular , and sesamoid. Sesamoid bones can be found on joints throughout the body, including: In the knee—the patella within the quadriceps tendon.
This is the largest sesamoid bone. When conservative treatment does not heal your sesamoid disorder, or if you have lost blood supply in the area, your physician may recommend surgery to remove the damaged sesamoid from your foot. You should talk with your physician about the possible effects of sesamoid excision on your sports and activities. Where is a sesamoid bone most often found?
What is an example of a sesamoid bone? Sesamoid bones are bones embedded in tendons. These small, round bones are commonly found in the tendons of the hands, knees, and feet. Sesamoid bones function to protect tendons from stress and wear. The patella, commonly referred to as the kneecap, is an example of a sesamoid bone. Is the patella an irregular bone? Irregular bones: Irregular bones are irregular in size and shape and are usually quite compact.
They include the bones in the vertebral column, the carpal bones in the hands, tarsal bones in the feet, and the patella kneecap. What are the 4 classifications of bones? Long Bones The bones of the body come in a variety of sizes and shapes.
The four principal types of bones are long, short, flat and irregular. Bones that are longer than they are wide are called long bones. How many bones are in human body? If symptoms don't fade within a week or so, your doctor may recommend that you wear a removable, short leg brace. What is a Sesamoidectomy? A sesamoidectomy is the removal of a sesamoid bone by surgical means. A sesamoid bone is a bone embedded within a tendon.
In the foot, the first metatarsal bone usually has two sesamoid bones at its connection to the big toe. How does a sesamoid bone develop? Sesamoid bones form within tendons in regions that wrap around bony prominences. They are common in humans but variable in number. Sesamoid development is mediated epigenetically by local mechanical forces associated with skeletal geometry, posture, and muscular activity. How do you treat a sesamoid fracture? Sesamoid fractures may take 4 to 8 weeks to heal.
To keep swelling down and help relieve pain: Put an ice pack, gel pack, or package of frozen vegetables, wrapped in a cloth on your foot every 3 to 4 hours, for up to 20 minutes at a time.
Keep your foot up on a pillow when you sit or lie down. Should I have sesamoid surgery? When conservative treatment does not heal your sesamoid disorder, or if you have lost blood supply in the area, your physician may recommend surgery to remove the damaged sesamoid from your foot.
You should talk with your physician about the possible effects of sesamoid excision on your sports and activities.
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