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The electric motor is made according to the basic principle of the rotating coil in the magnetic field. If connect two copper slip rings respectively to the ends of the motor coil and two brushes connect with the slip rings, it becomes an alternator principle. Generator is a device to achieve the conversion from mechanical energy to electrical energy. Frequency value is related to the structures and materials of generator, motor and transformer.
Such a high speed will bring a lot of troubles to manufacture the generators, especially the rotor surface speed is too fast which will limit the generator capacity greatly. In actual applications, the high frequency will make the reactance increase, electromagnetic loss, and increase the reactive power.
Motor, for example, the current will decrease greatly, the output power and torque will decrease evidently, which does not has any benefit. In addition, if use a lower frequency such as 30Hz, transformer efficiency is too low, not benefit for AC power transformation and transmission. The frequency in modern power system is the frequency of the sinusoidal fundamental voltage generated by the synchronous generator.
Frequency is the unified operating parameter in the whole power system. A power system has one frequency only. Most Asian and European countries use 50Hz frequency. American countries use 60Hz. The frequency started at60Hz and then went to50Hz in most areas. Then Nikola Tesla devised a system of three-phase AC electricity at volts. He had calculated that60Hz was the most effective frequency.
Tesla later compromised to reduce the voltage to volts for safety reasons. Tesla's AC system became the standard in the United States. Meanwhile, the German company AEG started generating electricity and became a virtual monopoly in Europe. They decided to use50Hz instead of60Hz to better fit their metric standards, but they stayed withV. They are more costly to make to handle the electrical losses and the extra heat generated at the lower frequency. They then switched over toV for better efficiency in electrical transmission.
Great Britain not only switched toV, but they also changed from60Hz to50Hz to follow the European lead. Since many people did not yet have electrical appliances in Europe after the war, the change-over was not that expensive for them. The US has also considered converting toV for home use but felt it would be too costly, due to all theV electrical appliances people had. A compromise was made in the U. Certain household appliances such as the electric stove and electric clothes dryer would be powered atV.
The voltage and frequency of AC electricity varies from country to country throughout the world. Most useV and50Hz.
The reason is that, this is in the optimum range for power supply on a national scale. The use of lower frequencies would cause the size, weight and cost of the installed equipment to increase. In physically smaller power systems such as those on planes, ships, submarines and even railways, higher frequencies are used because they allow reduction in the power equipment size and weight. However,50 Hz is NOT standard in all countries. The frequency also decides the inductive reactance of the transmission line, hence the power losses in the line.
One thing that must be kept in mind is that the frequency is a global parameter of the grid and must be kept almost exactly at the given value with a variation of at most 0.
If disturbed, the entire grid may fail to cause a blackout. There isnt much of a difference between the two numbers but one may be curious to know what is the reason for the difference. The first ever alternating current experiment was conducted by an inventor named William Stanley in a small town called Great Barrington in Massachusetts, funded by the Westinghouse Electric Company. At that time in the US used Arc Lighting systems, on which calculations showed that they operated with the best efficiency at 60Hz.
Also, back then the US used the duodecimal numbering system which made calculations easier at a 60Hz frequency. They started manufacturing electrical equipment which operated at 50Hz. By the beginning of the 20 th century 50Hz had become standardized across all of Europe.
At that time, as we all know, India was colonized by the British. Please reach out to us if we can answer any questions. We'd love to tell you more about how you can Conquer the Clog. Contact for pumps and valves.
Contact for Mining Pumps. Contact for repair, maintenance, parts, service. Some countries regions commonly use 50Hz power grid while other countries use 60Hz power grid. Hertz, in short Hz, is the basic unit of frequency, to commemorate the discovery of electromagnetic waves by the German physicist Heinrich Rudolf Hertz.
In , German physicist Heinrich Rudolf Hertz Feb, to Jan-1, , the first person confirmed the existence of radio waves, and had a great contribution in Electromagnetism, so the SI unit of frequency Hertz is named for him. Hz Hertz is the frequency unit of the vibration cycle time of electric, magnetic, acoustic and mechanical vibration, i. The speed of 50 Hertz 2 poles synchronous generator is rpm. The grid standard frequency is 50 Hz, which is a constant value. When the frequency increases, the copper and steel consumptions of the generator and transformer decrease, along with the reduction of weight and cost, but will make the inductances of the electrical equipment and transmission line increase, reduce the capacitances and increase losses, thereby reducing the transmission efficiency.
If the frequency is too low, the electrical equipment's materials will increase, along with heavy and high cost, and will make lights flashing obviously. Practices have proved using 50 Hz and 60 Hz frequencies are appropriate. At 60 Hz, the rotor of the generator turns 60 cycles per second, the current changes 60 times per second back and forth, direction changes times. The speed of 60 Hz 2-pole synchronous generator is 3, RPM. AC power frequency is determined by the pole number of the generator p and speed n, freq.
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