VISIT WEBSITE >>>>> http://gg.gg/y83ws?7736732 <<<<<<
The amendment passed to 56, seven votes above the necessary two-thirds majority. Several Democrats abstained, but the 13th Amendment was sent to the states for ratification, which came in December With the passage of the amendment , the institution that had indelibly shaped American history was eradicated. Every Republican 84 , Independent Republican 2 and Unconditional Unionist 16 supported the measure, as well as 14 Democrats , almost all of them lame ducks, and 3 Unionists. The amendment finally passed by a vote of to 56, narrowly reaching the required two-thirds majority.
Charles Sumner argued that the version of the Thirteenth Amendment presented to Congress in was a loophole to reestablish slavery by another name. That loophole created today's carceral state. Slavery was legal in most societies at some time in the past but is now outlawed in all recognized countries. The last country to officially abolish slavery was Mauritania in Nevertheless, there are an estimated On July 9, , Louisiana and South Carolina voted to ratify the 14th Amendment , making up the necessary two-thirds majority.
No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. The initial amendment would have made slavery constitutional and permanent — and Lincoln supported it. This early version of the 13th Amendment, known as the Corwin Amendment, was proposed in December by William Seward, a senator from New York who would later join Lincoln's cabinet as his first secretary of state.
The Three-Fifths Compromise is found in Article 1, Section 2, Clause 3 of the United States Constitution , which reads: In the Constitutional Convention, the more important issue was representation in Congress, so the South wanted slaves to count for more than the North did. Congress also required the former Confederate states to ratify the 13th Amendment in order to regain representation in the federal government. Together with the 14th and 15th Amendments , also ratified during the Reconstruction era, the 13th Amendment sought to establish equality for black Americans.
In his annual message to legislators in December , Lincoln made clear that he had no intention of waiting for the inauguration of the new Congress in March. The administration took advantage of the timing of the lame-duck Congress by offering patronage jobs—and in one case an ambassadorship to Denmark—to defeated Democrats. When a second vote on the amendment was taken on January 31, , the outcome was still far from certain.
Rumors of a Confederate peace overture made backers concerned that Democrats might not want to derail potential talks by passing an inflammatory measure.
Sixteen Democrats, all but two lame ducks, joined the full slate of Republicans in approving the measure. Following a short heartbeat of silence, the chamber erupted in celebration. The thunder of a gun salute outside the Capitol building relayed the news of the vote to the rest of the city. The president leaned outside and told his supporters that slavery had caused the Civil War and must be expunged so that it would never tear apart the country again.
In spite of the celebration, the amendment would still not become the law of the land until the approval by three-fourths of the states, which occurred when Georgia approved the measure on December 6, Chambers, Ezekiel. Foot, Samuel. Hendricks, William. Holmes, John. Robbins, Asher. Ruggles, Benjamin. Seymour, Horatio. Silsbee, Nathaniel. Webster, Daniel. Ewing, Thomas. Frelinghuysen, Theodore. Naudain, Arnold. Prentiss, Samuel. Sprague, Peleg. Tomlinson, Gideon. Waggaman, George.
Tipton, John. Benton, Thomas. Bibb, George. Buckner, Alexander. Dallas, George. Dickerson, Mahlon. Dudley, Charles. Hill, Isaac. Kane, Elias. Marcy, William. Poindexter, George. Robinson, John. Smith, Samuel. Wilkins, William. Clay, Henry. Knight, Nehemiah. Brown, Bedford. Ellis, Powhatan. Forsyth, John. Grundy, Felix. King, William. Mangum, Willie. Moore, Gabriel.
Tazewell, Littleton. Troup, George.
Comments