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Such names are essentially the name of the father, sometimes with a suffix or prefix to denote the name as a patronym. For example, Armenian patronyms typically end in -ian, Polish patronyms end in -ski and Irish patronyms begin with Fitz-.
Patronymic surnames are indistinguishable from clan surnames, which may be assumed by subjects of a clan leader. Surnames derived from the occupation of an ancestor are also common, with Smith being the most common surname in the UK. This category of surnames is divided into two groups: standard occupations and titular occupations, such as Stewart, derived from an ancient clan title in Scotland. Topographical surnames can be derived from features of a landscape Hill, Ford or from place names London, Aston, Eaton, Molyneux.
Those surnames derived from place names were initially adopted by families that held land. However, later such adoptions of surnames derived from place names occurred when people moved from one place to another. Descriptive surnames are less common, partly as they were often derived from unflattering characteristics such as: stupidity, girth, baldness and sometimes outright insults like Blackinthemouth. Many of these surnames have disappeared. Matronymic surnames are derived from the name of a female ancestor usually the mother and are uncommon in most parts of the world.
Such names may arise due to illegitimate or posthumous births and occur amongst nobility when the mother was higher ranked than her spouse or 'bit on the side'. Names Forenames. Login Remember me. Global Surname Stats. Most Common Tallest Shortest. National Surname Stats. Surnames occurred in various periods across different regions. They were first adopted in England in the 11th and 16th centuries.
Last name meanings can tell you a lot about the origins of your ancestors. Surname meanings can be categorized into the most common types:.
Occupational surnames derived from an ancestor's profession can be divided into two groups: standard and titular occupations. For example, the name origin of someone with the last name Stewart links back to an ancient clan title in Scotland.
Topographical surnames are usually derived from landscapes Ford, Hill, Rivers or town or place names London, Austin.
At first, families that held land adopted the surnames derived from place-names. However, as people started moving from one place to another, it became more common for them to choose a surname derived from the name of a certain place.
Descriptive surnames were most often derived from insulting characteristics, which is why they are less common. People got surnames based on characteristics such as baldness, stupidity, greediness, or even straightforward insults such as the surname Blackinthemouth. Many insulting descriptive surnames have disappeared. Luckily, there are still many surnames derived from positive characteristics, such as Good, Young, White, Angel, Goodman, etc.
Matronymic surnames are those derived from a female ancestor's name and are very uncommon in many parts of the world. They usually arose due to illegitimate births, or among nobility when the mother enjoyed higher social ranking than her spouse.
The culture the progenitor lived in and their social status will greatly influence a surname origin. People of high social status usually took surnames that are fairly uncommon today. Whereas, people of the lower social class took surnames that are very common today. People of lesser social status had much less control over their surnames, especially during feudalism. They were often handed to them by authorities such as lords or big community landowners.
This is why you will find many common insulting surnames, such as Purcell — that literally means "little pig" in old English, or Barrett which means "fraud" and describes a deceiving man. Some of the most widely-found surnames are job-related because our ancestors widely practiced certain occupations.
The surname Smith, for example, was shared by 2,, Americans in the census. The name origins refer to a smith, a person who works with metal. Smith has been used as an occupational surname since the Anglo-Saxon period. Based on a widely-spread occupation, the surname quickly became one of the most common surnames in many English-speaking countries. Many Smiths have been given the surname precisely because of its popularity, even though they had no connection to the occupation.
Surnames derived from father's names are also common, especially those derived from John, Thomas, or Williams, since those three names were the most common for a long time. Your surname meaning can help you discover many interesting things about your ancestry, including your last name origins and nationality.
However, you can find so much more behind the name. Or, maybe your last name is on the other end of the spectrum. Perhaps you're a Garcia, or a Smith, or a Lee, and you're used to constantly having to differentiate the origins of your name. In any case, you're not alone, as a site called Forebears can now tell you. Started in , this site creates a global roundup of 11 million surnames pulled from newspaper mentions, historical sources, genealogical records sites and more to map out what last names come from which particular regions of the world.
For instance, if your last name is Johnson, one of the most common last names in the United States, Forebears will tell you that approximately 3. It will also tell you it's the th most common surname in the world, and that, oddly enough, the highest density of people with the last name Johnson live in the Bahamas.
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