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A study published in Clinical and Experimental Medicine found that there was a significant difference between the rates of EBV infection and reactivation among participants who had elevated epinephrine and cortisol levels , suggesting that increased stress hormones can cause the dormant virus to come back again.
Chronic active EBV infection is rare in all cases except for people with immune problems, such as HIV or transplant patients. There is no specific treatment for the virus that commonly causes mono. Some people turn to pain medications to relieve mono symptoms. Because the illness is caused by a virus, antibiotics are not effective. Corticosteroids are often prescribed to treat inflammatory complications such as airway obstruction or autoimmune phenomena.
They are used to lessen swelling, redness and itching. There are some issues with taking corticosteroids. They can lower your resistance to infection and make infections harder to treat. Some possible side effects from corticosteroid use include: increased appetite, indigestion, nervousness and restlessness.
Over-the-counter pain medications are commonly taken to relieve some mono symptoms like headaches and body aches. But be aware that acetaminophen overdose is one of the most common poisonings worldwide. Adults should not take more than 4, milligrams of acetaminophen a day, and because many medications contain acetaminophen, you may take more than you realize if you use more than one type of medicine at a time.
Another thing to keep in mind when taking over-the-counter pain medications is that all painkillers interfere with normal functions of the nervous system, changing the ways that our nerves communicate feelings of pain when they occur in certain spots in the body. Some doctors may recommend antiviral agents, such as acyclovir and valacyclovir , for the treatment of mono symptoms, especially in cases of severe infectious mononucleosis.
Approach these types of treatments with caution because of the potential risk for drug toxicity. Astragalus is a major medicinal herb commonly used in many herbal formulations in traditional Chinese medicine to treat a wide variety of diseases and body disorders.
It is a powerful immune-building plant that contains three extremely beneficial components, saponins , flavonoids and polysaccharides. These components are responsible for the antiviral, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory capabilities of astragalus. Research shows that echinacea has antiviral effects and can be consumed to stop recurring infections. It also helps to alleviate pain associated with headaches, sore throats and body aches.
Eat one clove of raw garlic daily until your mono symptoms disappear. Bite into the clove to release the allicin, the most beneficial compound in garlic. Licorice root is a powerful antiviral herb due to its triterpenoid content. It has immunostimulating effects and works as a cough and sore throat remedy. It also helps to relieve pain, which is a common symptom of mononucleosis. Olive lead has the ability to treat dangerous viruses by destroying invading organisms and stopping viruses from replicating and causing an infection.
Probiotics help to heal the gut and support the immune system. They can help to reduce the risk of certain infectious diseases and enhance immune function. Research suggests that probiotics are able to decrease the risk or duration of respiratory infection symptoms and they have antiviral mechanisms. B vitamins help to fight fatigue, boost energy, improve mood and boost cognitive function.
Take a B vitamin complex supplement or eat vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 foods like wild salmon, raw cheese, raw milk, garlic, sweet potatoes and bananas. When you are suffering from mono symptoms, boost your immune system and support your body with healthy, anti-inflammatory foods. An anti-inflammatory diet includes omega-3 foods and antioxidant foods, including green leafy vegetables, beets, blueberries, bone broth, walnuts and wild salmon.
For people with ongoing fatigue, adding magnesium-rich foods can be helpful. These foods include spinach, chard, pumpkin seeds, yogurt and kefir, almonds, black beans, avocados, figs and bananas. Magnesium will help you to overcome fatigue, improve your energy levels and support healthy nerve function. Potassium-rich foods will also help you to balance your electrolytes; these foods include sweet potatoes, acorn squash, white beans and mushrooms.
Essential oils can help you to relieve mono symptoms such as sore throat, headache, body aches, fatigue and inflammation. One of the best essential oils for a sore throat is thyme oil. It is a strong antioxidant and it has antimicrobial properties. Oregano oil has antiviral effects, so it can be used to inhibit the spread of EBV. Mononucleosis can last weeks, keeping you at home as you recover.
Be patient with your body as it fights the infection. For young people, having mononucleosis will mean some missed activities — classes, team practices and parties. Without a doubt, you'll need to take it easy for a while. Students need to let their schools know they are recovering from mononucleosis and may need special considerations to keep up with their work. If you have mononucleosis, you don't necessarily need to be quarantined.
Many people are already immune to the Epstein-Barr virus because of exposure as children. But plan on staying home from school and other activities until you're feeling better.
Seek the help of friends and family as you recover from mononucleosis. College students should also contact the campus student health center staff for assistance or treatment, if necessary. If you suspect you have mononucleosis, see your family doctor. Here's some information to help you get ready for your appointment and know what to expect from your doctor.
Preparing a list of questions will help you make the most of your time with your doctor. For mononucleosis, some basic questions to ask your doctor include:. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Diagnosis Physical exam Your doctor may suspect mononucleosis based on your signs and symptoms, how long they've lasted, and a physical exam.
Blood tests Antibody tests. If there's a need for additional confirmation, a monospot test may be done to check your blood for antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus. This screening test gives results within a day. But it may not detect the infection during the first week of the illness.
Many people develop EBV infections as children after age 1. Any child who gets EBV will probably be immune to mono for the rest of their life. For this reason, mono affects mainly high school and college students. People with mono often have a high fever , swollen lymph glands in the neck and armpits, and a sore throat. Most cases of mono are mild and resolve easily with minimal treatment. The infection is typically not serious and usually goes away on its own in 1 to 2 months.
Mono is hard to distinguish from other common viruses such as the flu. The incubation period of the virus is the time between when you contract the infection and when you start to have symptoms. It lasts for 4 to 6 weeks. The signs and symptoms of mono typically last for 1 to 2 months. Some symptoms, like sore throat and fever, typically lessen after 1 or 2 weeks. Other symptoms such as swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, and an enlarged spleen may last a few weeks longer.
Mononucleosis is usually caused by EBV. The virus is spread through direct contact with saliva from the mouth of an infected person or other bodily fluids, such as blood. You can be exposed to the virus by a cough or sneeze, by kissing, or by sharing food or drinks with someone who has mono. In children, the virus typically causes no symptoms, and the infection often goes unrecognized.
After you become infected with EBV, it remains inactive in your body for the rest of your life. In addition to its connection with mono, experts are looking into possible links between EBV and conditions such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. Because EBV sheds in your throat, you can infect someone who comes into contact with your saliva, such as by kissing them or sharing eating utensils.
Due to the long incubation period, you may not even be aware you have mono. Mono can continue to be contagious for 3 months or more after you experience the symptoms. Find out more about how long mono is contagious. Anyone who regularly comes into close contact with large numbers of people is at an increased risk for mono.
This is why high school and college students frequently become infected. Because other, more serious viruses such as hepatitis A can cause symptoms similar to mono, your doctor will work to rule out these possibilities.
Age is one of the main factors for diagnosing mono along with the most common symptoms: fever, sore throat, and swollen glands. Your doctor will take your temperature and check the glands in your neck, armpits, and groin. They might also check the upper left part of your stomach to determine if your spleen is enlarged. Sometimes your doctor will request a complete blood count. This blood test will help determine how severe your illness is by looking at your levels of various blood cells.
For example, a high lymphocyte count often indicates an infection. A mono infection typically causes your body to produce more white blood cells as it tries to defend itself.
One of the most reliable ways to diagnose mononucleosis is the monospot test or heterophile test. This blood test looks for antibodies —these are proteins your immune system produces in response to harmful elements. These are called heterophile antibodies. At this point, you would have sufficient amounts of heterophile antibodies to trigger a reliable positive response.
If your monospot test comes back negative, your doctor might order an EBV antibody test. This blood test looks for EBV-specific antibodies. This test can detect mono as early as the first week you have symptoms, but it takes longer to get the results. However, your doctor may prescribe a corticosteroid medication to reduce throat and tonsil swelling.
The symptoms usually resolve on their own in 1 to 2 months. Contact your doctor if your symptoms get worse or if you have intense abdominal pain.
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