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Talking during any sleep stage can involve mumbles, moans, calling out, or whispering, but it is not considered a product of consciousness. Anyone can sleep talk, but it can be genetic and it tends to occur more in men and in children. Most children grow out of the habit; only an estimated five percent of adults talk in their sleep. Some factors, including sleep deprivation, alcohol, drugs , fever, stress , anxiety, and depression can all lead to sleep talking.
Typically, sleep talking is not considered something that requires treatment, unless a sleep mate is chronically disturbed by it. Overall, though, most cases of sleep talking are not thought to be connected to mental illness. Because the cause of sleep talking is not fully understood, there is limited knowledge about proven methods to stop sleep talking. In most situations, treatment for sleep talking is unnecessary because of its limited frequency and minimal negative consequences.
For people who want to try to limit or eliminate sleep talking episodes, focusing on sleep hygiene may be a helpful starting point. Most parasomnias are thought to be an abnormal state that blends wakefulness and sleep, and this state may be more likely to arise when normal sleep patterns are disturbed.
For that reason, steps that promote consistent and stable sleep may help ward off parasomnias, including sleep talking. Improving sleep hygiene can eliminate potential causes of sleep interruptions and create routines that are conducive to higher-quality sleep. They may find themselves awoken unexpectedly in the night by sleep talking or be bothered or offended by its content.
If sleep talking is creating these problems on a regular basis, a focus on sleep hygiene may help their bed partner decrease the frequency of sleep talking episodes. If there are any other sleep disturbances or excessive daytime sleepiness along with sleep talking, sleep apnea should be considered. Consultation with a sleep doctor can help you to evaluate this. Eric Suni has over a decade of experience as a science writer and was previously an information specialist for the National Cancer Institute.
He is board-certified in psychiatry as well as sleep medicine. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder marked by excessive daytime sleepiness EDS , which can cause significant health consequences for children, teens,…. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that affects one in 2, Americans. Although people may begin experiencing symptoms at any age,…. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website.
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Updated August 6, Written by Eric Suni. Medically Reviewed by Alex Dimitriu. Is Sleep Talking Dangerous? Other times, the person could be having an entire conversation; however, you'll only hear the side of the sleeper. On occasion, people who sleep talk will make rude or vulgar comments— but keep in mind that the person talking is unconscious. Suspected causes include several factors [1] , including medication, stress, alcohol, and poor sleep hygiene— and the more you know, the more you can help the condition.
Below we'll further discuss current research on talking in your sleep and how you can improve your condition. The main symptom of the disorder will be a verbal or audible expression or noise. For example, you could be saying a few sentences or mere gibberish, and both would be considered sleep talking.
A large number of the recordings were exclamatory, profane, or negative in some way, which could indicate whatever is happening in the afflicted individual's dreams. Episodes are often quick, and rarely long or conversational. There is some research suggesting a correlation to dreams; however, the ties remain inconclusive.
If a parent had this habit when they were a kid, research indicates that the offspring are more likely to exhibit the same behavior. Surprisingly, men have more reported incidents than women. Dreaming occurs during REM rapid eye movement.
During this stage, eyes flutter rapidly underneath the eyelids, blood pressure rises, the heart rate increases, and brain wave activity is similar to being awake. Not only does this mean they could talk, but they could also get violent or even get out of bed to move around. Sleep terrors are more commonly associated with children, but they can happen in adults, too.
During a night terror, the person may seem like they're awake. They could be screaming, yelling, kicking, and thrashing while they're frightened about some vision they're having, whether it's a dream or a hallucination. If you're wondering where your breakfast cereal went, you may want to look inward. As you might imagine, if someone confronts the person while they're devouring pantry goodies, they could potentially carry on a conversation, which would be another example of somniloquy.
Mental health disorders are frequently linked to sleep disorders as well. However, at this point, scientists cannot pinpoint if the mental health problem results in the disorder or if having a sleeping disorder results in mental health challenges. If you're talking in your sleep, check any prescription drugs you're taking to find out if one of the potential side effects could be somniloquy.
Some individuals react uniquely to different medications due to individual genetic makeup. So it's possible your doctor may need to adjust the medication or dosage. At first sight, these utterances do not look that different from the things we say during the day.
And indeed, in linguistic terms, the similarities between sleep talk and wakeful speech are striking. Utterances can be very simple and short such as in Example A, which is not very different from a short backchannel response in an everyday conversation. Example B, on the other hand, shows how complex sleep talk can be.
Such speech production abilities during the night, as reflected in the above examples, suggest that brain networks involved in speech production may become activated while a person is asleep. Based on research of awake participants, we know that these networks reside for the greater part in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, mainly in the left hemisphere. Like everyday colloquial speech, sleep talk may contain speech errors. Example C shows a putative speech error that is immediately corrected by the sleeping speaker.
Problems in word finding and in the correct encoding of sounds that make up a word seem a bit more common in sleep talk than in everyday speech. Sometimes, they even resemble the word finding difficulties of people suffering from specific types of aphasia, a language disorder that is caused by dysfunction of parts of the brain.
Another characteristic of some instances of sleep talk is the apparent lack of thematic coherence of subsequent utterances. One possibility is that such utterances are related to dream content, in which thematically different and apparently unrelated scenes may rapidly follow one another.
In contrast with such decreased abilities during sleep, there are some anecdotal reports of people being more creative or eloquent in sleep talk than in wakeful speech, for instance when speaking a second language.
Another important difference between sleep talk and everyday speech is that people often do not remember the next day that they have overtly produced speech in their sleep, let alone what they have said while sleeping. In contrast to word finding problems and incidental lack of coherence, the grammatical structure of sleep-talk sentences is often perfectly correct. Apparently, our brains are capable of producing grammatically correct sentences while we are asleep.
This suggests that building the grammatical structure of a sentence in speech production including wakeful speech is a largely automatic process, which may take place without the need for a speaker to pay to much attention to it.
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