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More More Igneous Rocks. Uses of Peridotite Every rock is formed under different chemical, physical and biological conditions which results in formation of a wide and distinct group of minerals and hence they find applications in various fields. Peridotite uses in Construction and Medical Industry Lets discuss about Peridotite uses in construction and medical industry. Compare Igneous Rocks » More. Porphyry vs Tonalite. Porphyry vs Amphibolite.
Porphyry vs Syenite. More More Compare Igneous Rocks. Igneous Rocks »More. In medieval times, it was worked into religious treasures such as those in the shrine at the Cologne Cathedral. Peridot gemstones have periodic popularity as fashion accessories. It has a deep green color that that is used in earrings, bracelets, necklaces, pendants and brooches. It is sometimes used in combination with other precious and semi-precious gemstones to create unique jewelry designs.
Peridotite is a common mineral with unique properties that make it valuable for many uses. It is likely that other uses will be found for it in the future. Peridotite Characteristics and uses Earth Science.
It is the source rock of basalt. Basaltic magma forms when peridotite is partially melted. Basalt and peridotite differ in composition because rocks are mixtures of minerals, but each mineral has its own melting temperature. Some minerals start melting earlier and form basaltic magma which migrates upward because of lower density. Rest of the rock that did not melt have also different composition from the source rock, it is enriched in minerals with a higher melting temperature.
This is the mechanism how different types of peridotite came to be. Lherzolite and wehrlite are sometimes referred to as a fertile mantle. These types of peridotite yield basaltic magma when they melt partially.
What is left after the basaltic component is removed is called a depleted mantle. As a rock type it is harzburgite or in extreme cases dunite. The main components of this rock, olivine and pyroxene, are unstable minerals in the weathering environment. By the time these rocks reach the surface they are often heavily altered by a hydrothermal metamorphism or weathering.
The rocks that are called peridotites are therefore often heavily metamorphosed and should be called serpentinite instead of peridotite which it once was. This rock itself is usually not a notable mineral resource see the exception from Norway below , but valuable stuff may be associated with it.
Chromite is a principal ore of chromium. Talc is found in some metamorphosed peridotitic rocks. Serpentinite is used as a decorative stone because of its interesting texture. Nickel and platinum are usually associated with ultramafic host rocks.
Dunite xenolith in basaltic lava from Hawaii. Width of sample 8 cm. A sample from the Troodos ophiolite in Cyprus with a weathering rinds. Unaltered rock is in the middle. Width of sample 11 cm. Peridotite with a huge garnet crystal. This occurs when carbon dioxide combines with magnesium-rich olivine to form magnesite. This reaction happens at a geologically rapid rate.
The magnesite is much more stable over time and serves as a carbon dioxide sink. Perhaps this characteristic of peridotite can be used by humans to intentionally sequester carbon dioxide and contribute to solving the climate change problem see video.
This area is the mantle portion of a large slab of oceanic lithosphere that was overthrust onto continental lithosphere. These rocks from the mantle lack the nutrients required to support most types of plants, and the soils that form from them are usually barren. The brownish color is from iron staining. Peridotite Xenolith: This photograph is of a volcanic bomb that contains a peridotite dunite xenolith composed almost entirely of olivine.
Photo by Woudloper, used here under a Creative Commons License. Earth's mantle is thought to be composed mainly of peridotite. Some of the occurrences of peridotite on Earth's surface are thought to be rocks from the mantle that have been brought up from depth by deep-source magmas. Ophiolites and pipes are two structures that have brought mantle peridotite to the surface. Peridotite is also found in the igneous rocks of sills and dikes.
Ophiolites : An ophiolite is a large slab of oceanic crust, including part of the mantle, that has been overthrust onto continental crust at a convergent plate boundary. These structures bring large masses of peridotite up to Earth's surface and offer a rare opportunity to examine rocks from the mantle. Studies of ophiolites have helped geologists better understand the mantle, the process of seafloor spreading, and the formation of oceanic lithosphere.
Pipes : A pipe is a vertical intrusive structure that forms when a deep-source volcanic eruption brings magma up from the mantle. The magma often breaks through the surface, producing an explosive eruption and a steep-walled crater known as a maar. These deep-source eruptions are the origin for most of the Earth's primary diamond deposits. The magma that forms the pipe is thought to ascend rapidly from the mantle, tearing rocks free from the mantle and from the walls of the pipe.
These pieces of foreign rock are known as "xenoliths. Xenoliths provide the only way that diamonds can ascend from the mantle to the surface without being melted or corroded by the hot magma. Dikes and Sills : Dikes and sills are intrusive igneous rock bodies.
Some of them are composed of peridotite that was sourced from deep within the Earth. When they are exposed by erosion, they provide another way that peridotite from great depth can be observed at Earth's surface.
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