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Fay caused two direct deaths in the United States. Hurricane Hanna, the first hurricane of the Atlantic hurricane season, developed on July 23 southeast of Corpus Christi, Texas, in the Gulf of Mexico. Hanna strengthened into a hurricane on July 25 and made landfall on Padre Island, Texas, north of Port Mansfield, as a strong Category 1 hurricane, and then had a second landfall in Kennedy County.
Hanna brought hurricane conditions to south Texas as it moved inland and brought heavy rain and flash flooding over far southeast Texas and northeast Mexico. Rainfall totals in the areas were between 4 to 6 inches but some areas received a foot of rain. Hurricane Isaias became the second hurricane of the season on July 30, and caused flash flooding and high winds over Puerto Rico. After weakening to a tropical storm, Isaias brought winds and storm surge to East Coast Florida.
As a tropical storm, Isaias moved north into Virginia, the Mid-Atlantic states and New England, bringing storm surge, dangerous winds and heavy rain before dissipating on August 5 in southeastern Canada. Tropical Storm Josephine formed in the tropical Atlantic Ocean on August 13 and dissipated without threatening land.
Kyle formed northwest of New Jersey and dissipated in the North Atlantic. Hurricane Laura formed on August 21 and brought heavy rain and flooding to islands in the Caribbean, including the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico, before heading into the Gulf of Mexico. On August 24 Laura became the fourth hurricane of the Atlantic hurricane season northwest of Cuba, and the first major hurricane on August Laura quickly intensified to a strong Category 4 storm and made landfall on August 27 near Cameron, Louisiana, close to the Texas-Louisiana border, bringing catastrophic storm surge, extreme wind and flash flooding.
According to Dr. Klotzbach , Laura was the 7 th named storm to make landfall in the continental U. He also noted that Laura made landfall with mph winds, stronger than Hurricane Katrina in , and tied with the Last Island hurricane of as the strongest to strike Louisiana.
As a tropical storm damaging winds and flooding rainfall spread inland over central and northern Louisiana and as a remnant traveled through the mid-Mississippi Valley and brought heavy rain to the Mid-Atlantic states.
Laura was responsible for seven direct deaths in the United States and widespread property damage, especially in Lake Charles, Louisiana. Also on August 21, Hurricane Marco formed in the northwest Caribbean near the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico and became a hurricane on August 23 as it traveled northwest into the northern Gulf of Mexico.
Marco made landfall in Louisiana near the mouth of the Mississippi River as a tropical storm on August 24 and weakened to a depression soon after. Nana formed on September 1 and became a hurricane on September 2 and made landfall on September 3 on the coast of Belize.
Hurricane Paulette formed over the central tropical Atlantic on September 7. On September 12 it became a hurricane as it approached Bermuda. It made landfall on the island on September 14 and brought hurricane conditions and torrential rain. Paulette became a Category 2 storm later that day. Paulette caused two direct deaths in the United States. Hurricane Sally became a hurricane on September 14 in the north central Gulf near the mouth of the Mississippi River.
It made landfall as a slow-moving, Category 2 hurricane on September 16 near Gulf Shores, Alabama, bringing extremely dangerous, life-threatening storm surge and catastrophic, record-breaking rain to southern Alabama and the Florida Panhandle.
Sally brought post-tropical conditions to Georgia, the Carolinas and southern Virginia. Sally caused four direct deaths in the United States. By September 23 Teddy brought destructive waves, strong wind and heavy rainfall to Atlantic Canada and made landfall in Nova Scotia. Teddy caused three direct deaths in the United States. Teddy became a Category 4 hurricane on September 17 in the Western Atlantic.
The hurricane turned northwestward and passed east of Bermuda as a Category 1 storm and continued north to Nova Scotia, becoming a Category 2 storm. Tropical storm Vicky also developed on September 14, west of the Cabo Verde Islands and dissipated a few days later. Wilfred became a tropical storm on September 18 in the eastern tropical Atlantic and did not threaten land before degenerating on September Tropical Storm Beta formed on September 18 in the Gulf of Mexico and brought tropical storm conditions to the southeastern coast of Texas on September 21 and made landfall there on September The storm stalled inland in Texas before moving northeastward and deteriorating to a tropical depression.
Beta dropped up to 20 inches of rain in parts of Texas, including about 14 inches in the Houston metropolitan area, and continued to bring heavy rain to Louisiana, Mississippi and Tennessee.
Philip Klotzbach it was the 9th named storm to make landfall in the continental United States, tying the record set in , and only the second time a letter from the Greek alphabet has had to be used by U. Beta caused one direct death in the United States. Hurricane Delta, the earliest 25 th named storm on record, formed on October 5 in the Caribbean Sea near Jamaica and became the ninth hurricane of later that day.
Delta rapidly intensified near the Yucatan Peninsula to Category 4 strength and made landfall there on October 7 as a Category 2 storm. Delta moved into the southern Gulf of Mexico and strengthened to a Category 3 storm on October 8. Delta brought hurricane conditions to southwest and central Louisiana and eastern Texas before moving northeastward through Arkansas, Mississippi, and Alabama and the Tennessee valley as a tropical storm and later affecting the Mid-Atlantic states.
Insurers have closed 91 percent of all claims reported in Louisiana. Delta caused two direct deaths in the United States. Hurricane Epsilon became a hurricane on October 20 and reached Category 3 status on October Epsilon caused one direct death in the United States. Hurricane Zeta became a hurricane on October 26 and made landfall on the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico.
Zeta made landfall on October 28 as a Category 3 hurricane near Cocodrie, Louisiana and was the record-breaking fifth named storm to strike Louisiana in one season. Zeta brought storm surge, high winds and heavy rain to southeastern Louisiana and southern Mississippi and continued through the southeastern states with damaging winds and heavy rainfall.
Zeta left about 2. Louisiana Gov. John Bel Edwards said the hurricane caused catastrophic damage on Grand Isle in Jefferson Parish by causing three breaches in a levee. On November 3 slow-moving Eta made landfall in Nicaragua as a Category 4 storm, bringing catastrophic wind damage, flash flooding, storm surge and landslides. Eta deteriorated over Honduras on its way to the north Caribbean Sea, but regained tropical storm strength and made landfall in Cuba on November 8.
The storm turned northwestward and made landfall in Lower Matecumbe Key, Florida on November 8 as a strong tropical storm and continued to the southwest coast of Florida, bringing heavy rainfall, flash flooding and wind. Eta traveled into the Gulf of Mexico and regained hurricane status on November 11 offshore of southwestern Florida bringing heavy squalls with tropical-storm force winds. On November 12 Eta made a second landfall in Florida near Cedar Key as a tropical storm, producing dangerous storm surge, heavy rains and gusty winds along the Florida Gulf Coast and the northern Florida Peninsula.
Eta passed offshore of the coasts of South and North Carolina before dissipating. Eta caused seven direct deaths in the United States. On November 10, a record-breaking 29 th named storm—Theta—formed in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. Theta did not threaten land. Hurricane Iota, the 30 th named storm of the hurricane season, formed on November 13 in the central Caribbean Sea and became a hurricane on November Iota became a major hurricane and strengthened to Category 5 status on its way to Central America, and was the strongest hurricane of the hurricane season.
Iota brought catastrophic winds, life-threatening storm surge and extreme rainfall to Nicaragua and Honduras. Iota moved west across Honduras and dissipated over El Salvador. By mid-day July 26 Douglas was closing in on the island of Maui as a Category 1 hurricane. Douglas passed to the north of the islands of Maui, Oahu and Kauai, producing large swells, damaging surf, strong damaging winds. Rainfall between three and six inches but possibly more fell on the islands. Barry became a hurricane on July 13 in the Gulf of Mexico as it moved toward the Louisiana coast.
It made landfall later that day near Intracoastal City, Louisiana, as a tropical storm, bringing heavy rain and wind to the north central Gulf Coast, and remained over Louisiana as it weakened into a tropical depression on July Other areas impacted were the Mississippi River Valley and the southeastern states of Alabama, Florida and Mississippi.
Dorian became a hurricane on August 28 near St. Thomas, U. Virgin Islands. Dorian continued to pound the Bahamas into September 3 with devastating wind, rain and storm surge.
Dorian brought storm surge resulting in beach erosion and flooding to east coast Florida as a Category 3 storm, and later affected South and North Carolina. It made landfall over Nova Scotia on September 7 as a Category 1 hurricane. Humberto became a hurricane on September 15 southwest of Bermuda and peaked at Category 3 as it approached the island on September As a post-tropical storm Humberto produced large swells and rip tides along the east coast of the United States.
Tropical Storm Imelda brought an estimated 16 to 24 inches of rain to Beaumont and Houston, Texas and heavy rain over a large section between southwestern Louisiana and Texas by September Hurricane Jerry formed around the same time, becoming a hurricane on September Hurricane Lorenzo became a Category 5 hurricane in the central subtropical Atlantic—the farthest east Category 5 Atlantic hurricane on record.
It generated foot waves, with an occasional rogue wave nearing feet, sending swells to both sides of the Atlantic. Eight of those storms became hurricanes and two of those, Florence and Michael, became major storms, Category 3 and above. Florence, the third hurricane of the season, reached Category 4 status as a slow-moving storm that brought hurricane-force winds, life-threatening storm surge, and freshwater flooding. Florence made landfall along the southeastern coast of North Carolina as a Category 1 storm and brought significant storm surge flooding to portions of eastern North Carolina.
It produced rainfall that exceeded 20 inches along the North and South Carolina border, and in some parts of North Carolina exceeded 30 inches, a state record. The previous record was 24 inches caused by Hurricane Floyd in In South Carolina a new record was reached when rainfall reached almost 24 inches. Hurricane Michael was the strongest hurricane ever to hit the Florida Panhandle and the second known Category 5 landfall on the northern Gulf Coast, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
It was the first Category 5 storm to make landfall in the United States, after Hurricane Andrew in Two hurricanes, Irma and Maria, reached Category 5 strength. The Atlantic hurricane season was the first time three Category 4 hurricanes—Harvey, Irma and Maria—made landfall in the United States and its territories in one year, according to the Triple-I. The chart below shows insured losses in dollars for the top 10 costliest hurricanes in the United States when they occurred and in dollars, adjusted for inflation.
Virgin Islands and losses sustained by private insurers and government-sponsored programs such as the National Flood Insurance Program. Includes hurricanes that occurred through Subject to change as loss estimates are further developed. As of February, Ranked on insured losses in dollars. Consumer Price Index.
Losses include demand surge and account for storm surge. Source: Insurance Information Institute from data supplied by the U. The seven storms which reached hurricane strength and the three that reached Category 3 status major hurricane are both near the average, despite the high number of tropical storms. One hurricane Irene and one tropical storm Lee made landfall in the U. Hurricane Irene was the first Hurricane since Ike in that made landfall in the nation.
The ACE index is used to calculate the intensity of the hurricane season and is a function of the wind speed of each tropical cyclone. The Atlantic hurricane season had an approximate ACE value of x10 4 knots 2 , which is 20 percent above the average ACE value of x10 4 knots 2. The highest ACE value on record of x10 4 knots 2 occurred in Although there were an extremely high number of tropical storms during the year, the near average number of hurricanes and major hurricanes kept the seasonal ACE value relatively low compared to more active years.
The first eight storms of the season failed to reach hurricane strength, marking the first time in the Atlantic that this many consecutive storms in a single season failed to reach hurricane strength.
The above-average season was partially attributable to lower-than-average wind shear across the basin and warmer than average sea surface temperatures. Drier-than-average conditions persisted as air from the African Sahara made its way into the middle layer of the atmosphere above the tropical Atlantic for most of the season. This likely inhibited many of the named storms from developing into stronger hurricanes. Only two of 19 named storms, 11 percent of the storms, made landfall in the contiguous U.
Steering currents caused most of the storms that formed over the open waters of the Atlantic to curve out to sea, missing the U. The storms that formed across the Caribbean were steered into Mexico and Central America. It should be noted that although only two named storms made landfall in the U.
Hurricane Irene was the first hurricane to make landfall in the U. Irene formed from a tropical wave moving off the Cape Verde Islands on August 21 st , and moved westward across the central North Atlantic. Irene made landfall on the 22 nd over Puerto Rico as the storm strengthened into a hurricane.
The storm then moved through the Bahamas as it strengthened to Category 3 strength and it curved more northerly in its track. The storm then moved back over the coastal Atlantic waters and made a second landfall near Little Egg Inlet, New Jersey, as a strong tropical storm.
Irene moved over open water again, and made landfall as a tropical storm near Coney Island, New York on the 28 th. Irene was a massive storm, with tropical storm force winds extending outward miles km.
The storm was also slow moving as it traversed the Mid-Atlantic. Irene claimed at least 48 lives and caused over 7 billion U.
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