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Symptoms vary depending on the type of nerves—motor, sensory, or autonomic—that are damaged. Most neuropathies affect all three types of nerve fibers to varying degrees; others primarily affect one or two types. Doctors use terms such as predominantly motor neuropathy, predominantly sensory neuropathy, sensory-motor neuropathy, or autonomic neuropathy to describe different conditions.
In severe cases, such neuropathies can spread upwards toward the central parts of the body. In non-length dependent polyneuropathies, the symptoms can start more toward the torso, or are patchy. Motor nerve damage is most commonly associated with muscle weakness. Other symptoms include painful cramps, fasciculations uncontrolled muscle twitching visible under the skin and muscle shrinking.
Sensory nerve damage causes various symptoms because sensory nerves have a broad range of functions. Autonomic nerve damage affects the axons in small-fiber neuropathies. Common symptoms include excess sweating, heat intolerance, inability to expand and contract the small blood vessels that regulate blood pressure, and gastrointestinal symptoms.
Although rare, some people develop problems eating or swallowing if the nerves that control the esophagus are affected. There are several types of peripheral neuropathies, the most common of which is linked to diabetes. Common types of focal located to just one part of the body mononeuropathy include carpal tunnel syndrome, which affects the hand and the wrist, and meralgia paresthetica, which causes numbness and tingling on one thigh.
Complex regional pain syndrome is a class of lingering neuropathies where small-fibers are mostly damaged. Acquired neuropathies are either symptomatic the result of another disorder or condition; see below or idiopathic meaning it has no known cause. Genetically-caused polyneuropathies are rare. Genetic mutations can either be inherited or arise de novo , meaning they are completely new mutations to an individual and are not present in either parent.
Some genetic mutations lead to mild neuropathies with symptoms that begin in early adulthood and result in little, if any, significant impairment. More severe hereditary neuropathies often appear in infancy or childhood. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, also known as hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, is one of the most common inherited neurological disorders.
The small-fiber neuropathies that present with pain, itch, and autonomic symptoms also can be genetic. As our understanding of genetic disorders increases, many new genes are being associated with peripheral neuropathy. The bewildering array and variability of symptoms that neuropathies can cause often makes diagnosis difficult.
A diagnosis of neuropathy typically includes:. Muscle and nerve ultrasound is a noninvasive experimental technique for imaging nerves and muscles for injury such as a severed nerve or a compressed nerve. Ultrasound imaging of the muscles can detect abnormalities that may be related to a muscle or nerve disorder.
Certain inherited muscle disorders have characteristic patterns on muscle ultrasound. Treatments depend entirely on the type of nerve damage, symptoms, and location. Your doctor will explain how nerve damage is causing specific symptoms and how to minimize and manage them. With proper education, some people may be able to reduce their medication dose or manage their neuropathy without medications.
Definitive treatment can permit functional recovery over time, as long as the nerve cell itself has not died.
Correcting underlying causes can result in the neuropathy resolving on its own as the nerves recover or regenerate. Nerve health and resistance can be improved by healthy lifestyle habits such as maintaining optimal weight, avoiding toxic exposures, eating a balanced diet, and correcting vitamin deficiencies. Smoking cessation is particularly important because smoking constricts the blood vessels that supply nutrients to the peripheral nerves and can worsen neuropathic symptoms.
Exercise can deliver more blood, oxygen, and nutrients to far-off nerve endings, improve muscle strength, and limit muscle atrophy.
Self-care skills in people with diabetes and others who have an impaired ability to feel pain can alleviate symptoms and often create conditions that encourage nerve regeneration. Strict control of blood glucose levels has been shown to reduce neuropathic symptoms and help people with diabetic neuropathy avoid further nerve damage.
Inflammatory and autoimmune conditions leading to neuropathy can be controlled using immunosuppressive drugs such as prednisone, cyclosporine, or azathioprine. Plasmapheresis—a procedure in which blood is removed, cleansed of immune system cells and antibodies, and then returned to the body—can help reduce inflammation or suppress immune system activity. Agents such as rituximab that target specific inflammatory cells, large intravenously administered doses of immunoglobulins, and antibodies that alter the immune system, also can suppress abnormal immune system activity.
Nerves may be squeezed by surrounding tissues, which increases pressure on the nerve and may cause muscle weakness, a burning or tingling sensation, numbness, or pain. Severed or transected nerves occur when the nerve and the fibres within it are cut, often occurring due to a traumatic event or surgery.
This is called a brachial plexus injury, named after the nerves that control most of the movement and sensation of the arm. A letter from our CEO on covid read more. Nerve messages go back and forth between the brain and the muscles that control bladder emptying. When there is some kind of nerve damage, the muscles may not be able to tighten or relax at the right time. Moreover, damaged nerves can give your bladder faulty messages, so you feel like you have to use the bathroom more often.
Women who have given birth to a child vaginally or people who have diabetes can also have bladder problems. It is important to note that not all bladder problems originate from nervous system defects. They can also occur from mechanical and obstructive problems. Patients are advised to seek an evaluation by a specialist physician. If you are experiencing brief, severe headaches that feel like electric shocks, it could be a sign of nerve damage.
In fact, you may be suffering from something called occipital neuralgia, a condition that can occur when a nerve in your neck gets pinched.
This can be due to inflammation in one of the 12 cranial nerves coming from the brain that control the muscles and carry sensory signals to and from the head and neck. In this case, the pain will be felt along the upper neck and back of the head. The pain may be described as throbbing, aching, burning, or sharp and stabbing. Another common sign of nerve damage is the loss of balance.
You must not ignore this symptom because it can make you increasingly prone to accidents and injuries by falling. In addition, these symptoms can be caused by pressure on the spinal cord, which necessitates urgent attention. It is important to have these symptoms evaluated by a spine surgeon. When the nerves that control sensations are damaged, it can lead to a lack of coordination between your brain signals and body movements.
This failure to adequately assess the positioning of your body can lead to falls and more frequent injuries. Yes, but the 2 ends of the damaged nerves grow. If the damaged gap is small they will connect but if it is too large, they cannot naturally heal and will need different surgery techniques, such as interpositino grafting with other nerves to facilitate. Nerves grow better in peripheral nerve system compared to central nerve system such as brain or spinal cord. The nerves usually grow approximately 1mm per month.
So the prospect of recovery depends on the gap, if it is cut or a contusion, or if it is just smashed. In certain cases the damaged or missing part of the nerve needs to be repaired with a fresh piece of nerve transplanted into it. The functions of the damaged nerve will disappear in the long run. Peripheral nerve damage does not have anything to do with insomnia directly but the pain from nerve damage can prevent the patient from falling asleep. Massaging directly does not help but sometimes nerve damage or the pain associated with nerve damage can cause muscle spasm and massage may be able to help relax the muscles.
Also, deteriorating quality of the small arteries bringing blood to the nerves, can damage them; we normally see this in diabetes mellitus.
A herniated disk in the spine can also damage a nerve root and cause pain, weakness and sensory deficit. Sometimes a normal vessel can pulsate on a normal nerve in the brain and cause a state called Trigeminal neuralgia.
Trigeminal Neuraglia causing severe lacerating pain in the face can be operated by a technique called Microvascular decompression. Sometimes natural structures surrounding a nerve can get thicker over time and cause the so-called nerve entrapment syndrome, a known example is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. This can easily also be operated with excellent results.
About Dr. Martin M. Mortazavi, MD: Dr. Mortazavi pursued a postdoctoral research fellowship in neurotrauma and regeneration at Barrow Neurological Institute. In addition to treating the full panorama of Brain and Spine diseases, Dr.
Mortazavi treats complex tumors and vascular lesions of the brain and the spinal cord. I have to look up all my problems with my body by going to the internet for help.
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