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In most cases these diseases are specific and restricted to their wild or domestic hosts. This happens in situations where the animal hosts come into physical contact with humans. These diseases can spill over from wild animals to domestic animals and then to humans, but spillover also occurs directly from wild animals to humans. Common human activities such as domestic animal production, small-backyard livestock operations, fairs, petting zoos and harvesting wild animals for food, as well as the trade in wild animals mostly illegal in the U.
Bats still provide great ecological services around the world, such as insect control, pollination and seed dispersal. The only mammal capable of true powered flight, they are a diverse group of animals with drastic differences in their physical appearance, behavior and natural history.
All 12 species of bats found in West Virginia feed on insects. They are voracious eaters, consuming 50 to 75 percent of their body weight in insects each night. A primary predator of nocturnal insects, bats can suppress populations of forest and agricultural pests.
While one bat consuming between 5 and 7. That means that between 1, and 1, pounds of insects may be consumed each night. Some of these insects, such as mosquitoes, are capable of transmitting disease to humans.
Many species of agricultural pests have been found in the diets of bats including June beetles, click beetles, leafhoppers, plant hoppers, spotted cucumber beetles, green stinkbugs and corn earworm moths.
Yes, bats can carry zoonotic diseases that can infect humans, but their benefits far outweigh their dangers. Some species can safely harbor Nipah virus , which can cause respiratory infection in humans, and Ebola , a disease that has killed thousands of people around the world. What they do know is that the viruses carried by bats can spread to other animals, including humans, with often devastating effects: Nipah can be spread when humans drink date-palm sap tainted with bat feces, for example; and scientists believe at least one Ebola outbreak may have started after humans hunted, handled, or ate infected bat meat.
Children who play near a tree that hosts a bat roost can carry the revenants of bat droppings to their homes—or directly into their noses or mouths. In some countries, bats are hunted and eaten.
Viruses can also transmit from bats to humans through an intermediary host—another animal that carries the virus from the bat to a person, which is suspected with some Ebola outbreaks. All rights reserved. Share Tweet Email. Read This Next Signs of an extreme planet found in another galaxy. Science Signs of an extreme planet found in another galaxy An odd x-ray signal hints that a Saturn-size world could be the first known planet lurking in the Whirlpool Galaxy 28 million light-years away.
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And though rodents experience more range overlaps than bats due to their greater number of species , the effect of sympatry was almost four times stronger for bats. Compared with rodents, "adding one more bat species to another bat species' range will have a greater effect on the number of viruses it has," Luis told LiveScience. Essentially, bats share their viruses more than rodents do, a fact that's especially evident when one examines the number of host species each virus has.
Each bat virus, on average, infects 4. This greater sharing of viruses likely results because bats typically live in very close quarters with millions of other bats, Luis said. Physical and genetic similarities between different bat species may also help the viruses spread more easily. In addition to sympatry, certain life-history traits appear to affect the number of viruses a bat species has.
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