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After each ASA class, you can complete a survey on your experiences. Below are instructions on how to do just that! ASA will automatically list surveys on the first page you land on when you log into your account.
Again, you should have one for each ASA class you take. Click on the survey name to get started. Surveys provide a speedy and economical means of determining facts about our economy and about people's knowledges, attitudes, beliefs, expectations, and behaviors.
Who Conducts Surveys? We all know about the public opinion surveys or "polls" that are reported by the press and broadcast media. For example, the Gallup Poll and the Harris Survey issue reports periodically describing national public opinion on a wide range of current issues. State polls and metropolitan area polls, often supported by a local newspaper or TV station, are reported regularly in many localities.
The major broadcasting networks and national news magazines also conduct polls and report their findings. The great majority of surveys, though, are not public opinion polls.
Most are directed to a specific administrative, commercial, or scientific purpose. The wide variety of issues with which surveys deal is illustrated by the following listing of actual uses Major TV networks rely on surveys to tell them how many and what types of people are watching their programs Statistics Canada conducts continuing panel surveys of children and their families to study educational and other needs Auto manufacturers use surveys to find out how satisfied people are with their cars The U.
Bureau of the Census conducts a survey each month to obtain information on employment and unemployment in the nation The U. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research sponsors a periodic survey to determine how much money people are spending for different types of medical care Local transportation authorities conduct surveys to acquire information on commuting and travel habits Magazine and trade journals use surveys to find out what their subscribers are reading Surveys are conducted to ascertain who uses our national parks and other recreation facilities.
Surveys provide an important source of basic scientific knowledge. Economists, psychologists, health professionals, political scientists, and sociologists conduct surveys to study such matters as income and expenditure patterns among households, the roots of ethnic or racial prejudice, the implications of health problems on people's lives, comparative voting behavior, and the effects on family life of women working outside the home.
Surveys can be classified in many ways. One dimension is by size and type of sample. Surveys also can be used to study either human or non-human populations e. While many of the principles are the same for all surveys, the focus here will be on methods for surveying individuals. Many surveys study all persons living in a defined area, but others might focus on special population groups -- children, physicians, community leaders, the unemployed, or users of a particular product or service.
Surveys may also be conducted with national, state, or local samples. Surveys can be classified by their method of data collection. Mail, telephone interview, and in-person interview surveys are the most common. Extracting data from samples of medical and other records is also frequently done. In newer methods of data collection, information is entered directly into computers either by a trained interviewer or, increasingly, by the respondent.
One well known example is the measurement of TV audiences carried out by devices attached to a sample of TV sets that automatically record the channels being watched.
Mail surveys can be relatively low in cost. As with any other survey, problems exist in their use when insufficient attention is given to getting high levels of cooperation. Mail surveys can be most effective when directed at particular groups, such as subscribers to a specialized magazine or members of a professional association. You can further classify surveys by their content. Some surveys focus on opinions and attitudes such as a pre-election survey of voters , while others are concerned with factual characteristics or behaviors such as people's health, housing, consumer spending, or transportation habits.
Many surveys combine questions of both types. Respondents may be asked if they have heard or read about an issue Questions may be open-ended "Why do you feel that way?
Survey takers may ask respondents to rate a political candidate or a product on some type of scale, or they may ask for a ranking of various alternatives. The manner in which a question is asked can greatly affect the results of a survey. The questionnaire may be very brief -- a few questions, taking five minutes or less -- or it can be quite long -- requiring an hour or more of the respondent's time.
Since it is inefficient to identify and approach a large national sample for only a few items of information, there are "omnibus" surveys that combine the interests of several clients into a single interview. In these surveys, respondents will be asked a dozen questions on one subject, a half dozen more on another subject, and so on.
Because changes in attitudes or behavior cannot be reliably ascertained from a single interview, some surveys employ a "panel design," in which the same respondents are interviewed on two or more occasions.
Such surveys are often used during an election campaign or to chart a family's health or purchasing pattern over a period of time. Who Works on Surveys? The survey worker best known to the public is the interviewer who calls on the telephone, appears at the door, or stops people at a shopping mall. Traditionally, survey interviewing, although occasionally requiring long days in the field, was mainly part-time work and, thus, well suited for individuals not wanting full-time employment or just wishing to supplement their regular income.
Changes in the labor market and in the level of survey automation have begun to alter this pattern -- with more and more survey takers seeking to work full time. Experience is not usually required for an interviewing job, although basic computer skills have become increasingly important for applicants.
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